Study on public dose burden in Suzhou from medical exposure in X-ray digital radiography and computed tomography / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective@#To estimate the effective dose burden to the public in Suzhoui induced by medical exposure from computed tomography (CT) and digital radiography (DR).@*Methods@#Twenty-seven hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling. The application information was colleted from picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and radiology information system (RIS). For DR, DAP was measured by the dose-area product meter in different body parts, then the effective dose values were calculated by the DAP. For CT, effective dose was estimated by measuring CT dose index weighted (CTDIw) and scanning parameters in different parts of the body. The public dose burden caused by DR and CT medical exposure in Suzhou was estimated according to the scanning time and effective dose to each part.@*Results@#The effective dose due to DR examination was abdomen AP 0.565 mSv, pelvis AP 0.280 mSv, skull LAT 0.016 mSv, skull AP 0.012 mSv, chest LAT 0.111 mSv, chest AP 0.060 mSv, thoracic spine LAT 0.100 mSv, thoracic spine AP 0.102 mSv, lumbar spine LAT 0.307 mSv and lumbar spine AP 0.152 mSv, respectively. The effective doses from CT scanning were 1.33 mSv for head, 5.75 mSv for thorax and 7.31 mSv for abdomen, respectively. The annual collective effective dose in Suzhou in 2017 from DR exposures and CT scans was 9 593.07 man·Sv, and the average annual effective dose was 0.898 mSv.@*Conclusions@#The contribution of CT medical radiation to the public dose is much greater than that of DR. Controlling the frequency of medical exposure and single scan dose is an effective way to reduce the public dose burden. The public dose burden from DR and CT medical exposure in Suzhou is at a high level and attention needs to be paid by relevant health administrative departments.

Study on public dose burden in Suzhou from medical exposure in X-ray digital radiography and computed tomography / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To estimate the effective dose burden to the public in Suzhoui induced by medical exposure from computed tomography (CT) and digital radiography (DR).Methods Twenty-seven hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling.The application information was colleted from picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and radiology information system (RIS).For DR,DAP was measured by the dose-area product meter in different body parts,then the effective dose values were calculated by the DAP.For CT,effective dose was estimated by measuring CT dose index weighted (CTDIw) and scanning parameters in different parts of the body.The public dose burden caused by DR and CT medical exposure in Suzhou was estimated according to the scanning time and effective dose to each part.Results The effective dose due to DR examination was abdomen AP 0.565 mSv,pelvis AP 0.280 mSv,skull LAT 0.016 mSv,skull AP 0.012 mSy,chest LAT 0.111 mSv,chest AP 0.060 mSv,thoracic spine LAT 0.100 mSv,thoracic spine AP 0.102 mSv,lumbar spine LAT 0.307 mSv and lumbar spine AP 0.152 mSv,respectively.The effective doses from CT scanning were 1.33 mSv for head,5.75 mSv for thorax and 7.31 mSv for abdomen,respectively.The annual collective effective dose in Suzhou in 2017 from DR exposures and CT scans was 9 593.07 man · Sv,and the average annual effective dose was 0.898 mSv.Conclusions The contribution of CT medical radiation to the public dose is much greater than that of DR.Controlling the frequency of medical exposure and single scan dose is an effective way to reduce the public dose burden.The public dose burden from DR and CT medical exposure in Suzhou is at a high level and attention needs to be paid by relevant health administrative departments.

MicroRNA let-7 and esophagus cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

The discovery of microRNA (miRNA) has opened up a new train of thought for the diagnosis and treatment of esophagus cancer.let-7 is one of the most widely research of miRNA.In a variety of tumors,the expression of let-7 is down-regulated.let-7 can play the role of tumor suppressor gene by targeting to high mobility group A2 (HMGA2) and inhibit the cell proliferation.Recent studies have shown that the lower the degree of differentiation of cells,let-7 expression level is lower.It is expected as a symbol of poorly differentiated tumors.In addition,let-7 and esophagus cancer's radiation and chemotherapy sensitivity are closely related.

Impacts of abdominal acupuncture on lipid metabolism in olanzapine-induced obesity / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the impacts of abdominal acupuncture on serum leptin, adiponectin, total cholesterol and triglyceride in the patients of obesity induced by olanzapine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-six obesity patients induced by olanzapine were randomized into an observation group (47 cases) and a control group (39 cases). The healthcare guide and the adjustment on diet and physical exercise were given in the two groups. Additionally, in the observation group, the abdominal acupuncture therapy was applied to Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10), Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Tianshu (ST 25) and Shuidao (ST 28), once a day, 5 times a week. The treatment lasted for 3 months in the two groups. The body mass index (BMI), serum leptin, adiponectin, total cholesterol and triglyceride were compared before and after treatment in the patients of the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, BMI, serum leptin, total cholesterol and triglyceride were all lower than those before treatment in the patients of the two groups (all<0.05). Adiponectin was higher than that in the two groups before treatment (both<0.05). After treatment, BMI, serum leptin, total cholesterol and triglyceride in the observation group were apparently lower than those in the control group (all<0.05) and adiponectin was higher than that in the control group (<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Abdominal acupuncture regulates the transfer capacity of leptin signal and the secretion of adiponectin, promotes lipid metabolism and reduces the body mass in obesity patients induced by olanzapine.</p>

Analysis of HIV-1 drug resistance among 1 922 individuals experiencing virological failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Henan province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the condition of HIV-1 drug resistance mutation among failures of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Henan province.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The sub platform of China's legal infectious disease monitoring information reporting system-HIV/AIDS integrated prevention and control data information management system was used to collect the information of patients experiencing first-line antiretroviral treatment failure (virus load ≥ 1 000 copies/ml) more than one year among nine cities of Henan in 2011. A total of 40 cases with no information and 212 cases with incomplete drug resistance results were deleted, and 1 922 cases were included in this study and genotype resistance testing was carried out. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the influencing factors of drug resistance mutation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 1 922 cases were included in the analysis. 1 039 cases were males, 833 cases were females, the age was (45.7 ± 12.1) years, 82.73% (1 590) were married, and 87.93% (1 690) were transmitted by blood. 64.20% (1 234) patients acquired drug resistance. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutations were found in 62.59% (1 203), 49.74% (956) and 0.94% (18) of subjects, respectively. 42.09% (809) of patients harbored NRTI and NNRTI resistance mutations synchronously. ≥ 1TAM was the most commonly emerged NRTI resistance mutation (41.94% (806)), the prevalences of TAM-1 and TAM-2 were 8.48% (163) and 4.24% (81), respectively. K65R/N and Q151M complex existed in 23 and 4 patients, respectively. K103N/S was the most commonly emerged NNRTI resistance mutation (34.32% (659)). Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that, factors associated with high drug resistance were the following: transmitted by mother to child (OR = 9.05, 95% CI: 1.14-72.12), clinical stage was IV (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.09-2.66) and 5-year-treated (OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.03-2.47). Factors associated with low drug resistance were the following: 1-year-treated (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.13-0.27).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Complex patterns of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations were identified among individuals experiencing failure of first-line antiretroviral therapy in Henan province. Factors associated with high drug resistance were lived in Luohe, Shangqiu, Nanyang, Xinyang, transmitted by mother to child, clinical stage was IV, and 5-year-treated.</p>

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody among newly reported HIV infection cases in Henan, 2012-2014 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) among newly reported HIV infection cases in Henan province, 2012-2014.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HIV-1 BED incidence test and anti-HCV test were conducted in newly diagnosed HIV infection cases in Henan, which were reported through national AIDS information system between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2014.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The data of 4 267 newly reported HIV-1 infection cases were analyzed, the positive rate of anti-HCV was 13.19% (563/4 267). The anti HCV was highest in those infected with HIV through injection drug use (77.27%), the anti-HCV positive rates in those infected with HIV through blood donation/transfusion, heterosexual contact, homosexual contact and mother-to-child transmission were 15.06%, 15.81%, 3.74% and 8.96%, respectively. Kaifeng (32.04%), Nanyang (14.67%), Shangqiu (25.00%), Zhumadian (25.00%) and Zhoukou (18.86%) were the first five prefectures with the high anti-HCV positive rates. The anti-HCV positive rate in BED positive patients (recent HIV-1 infections) was 7.50% (86/1 146). The multivariate logistic regressions analysis revealed that BED negative, aged >40 years, being farmer, HIV infection though injection drug use and living in in Kaifeng, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Zhumadian and Zhoukou were the risk factors for HCV infection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The positive rate of anti-HCV declined between 2012-2014 in newly reported HIV infection cases in Henan, but the positive rate of anti-HCV was high in risk population and in some areas.</p>

A follow-up study of HIV long-term non-progress populations in Henan province / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the related testing indicators variation of HIV long-term non-progress populations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The long-term non-progress populations in some areas of Henan were recruited, and the study was carried out according to different CD4(+)T lymphocytes counts for two groups. The dynamic characteristics of immune status and viral load between LTNP-1group (CD4(+)T lymphocytes ≥ 500/µl, 42 cases) and LTNP-2 group(350/µl ≤ CD4(+)T lymphocytes < 500/µl, 49 cases) from July 2010 to August 2013 were observed. The characteristics of HIV elite controllers during the follow-up were also described.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LTNP were recruited, 56% (51 cases) were men, and 44% (40 cases) were women. The study population were aged from 38 to 65 years old. A total of 320 individuals were followed-up, 14 cases were lost, 2 deaths, and 16 cases had received antiretroviral therapy during four years. To analyze the annual changes of CD4(+)T lymphocytes and VL of the group from 2010 to 2013, LTNP-1 group CD4(+)T lymphocytes from 654.0(545.2-809.5) decreased to 494.0(341.0-574.7), and LTNP-2 group decreased from 493.0 (429.5-770.0) to 343.5(253.0-500.8), CD4(+)T lymphocytes decline of over times of two groups in longitudinal analysis (χ(2) = 50.32, P < 0.01; χ(2) = 31.03, P < 0.01). lg (VL) of LTNP-1 group were 3.52 (3.15-4.27), 3.71 (2.70-4.55), 3.86 (3.59-4.55), 3.96 (3.25-4.36), and lg (VL) of TNP-2 group were 4.35 (3.72-4.83), 4.35 (3.97-4.94), 4.71 (3.96-4.95), 5.04(4.78-5.26), respectively (P > 0.05). The same year inter-group comparison found CD4(+)T lymphocytes of LTNP-1 group were higher than LTNP-2 group (Z = 5.23, P < 0.01; Z = 3.06, P < 0.01; Z = 2.51, P < 0.05; Z = 2.47, P < 0.05). VL of LTNP-2 group increased from 4.35(3.97-4.94) to 5.04 (4.78-5.26) during 2011 to 2013, were higher than LTNP-1 group in the same year (Z = 2.28, P < 0.05; Z = 2.58, P < 0.05; Z = 2.76, P < 0.05). 65 cases HCV antibody were positive in 91 individuals, and the HCV antibody positive rate was 76% (32/42), 67% (33/49) between LTNP-1 group and LTNP-2 group. Six elite controllers maintained CD4(+)T lymphocytes ≥ 500/µl, VL<1 000 copies/ml during four years follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The long-term non-progress populations in Henan were overall healthy, and VL were relatively stable, there was a decreased trend of CD4 year by year, and HCV co-infection rate was high.</p>

Analysis on hepatitis C virus infection and related factors among newly reported HIV infections in Henan province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study hepatitis C virus infection and related factors among newly reported HIV infections in Henan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both HIV-1 BED incidence and anti-HCV tests were applied on newly reported HIV-1 infections between 1 Jul. 2012 to 30 Jun. 2013 in Henan province.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>2049 HIV-1 infections were newly reported between 1 July 2012 to 30 June 2013 in Henan province, with the positive rate of anti-HCV as 14.87% (271/1 887) and the proportion of BED positives was 26.34% (497/1 887). The recent HIV-1 infections appeared lower HCV prevalence than non-recent HIV-1 infection. Among 20-39 age group, HIV-1 infections had a lower HCV prevalence than among the other age groups. Patients carrying HIV-1 through injecting drug use showed higher HCV prevalence.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under results on BED; age, infection route and area were influencing factors of HCV prevalence in newly reported HIV-1 infections in Henan province, suggesting that corresponding prevention programs should be targeted.</p>

High efficiency genome walking method for flanking sequences of cotton mitochondrial double-copy atpA gene based on optimized inverse PCR and TAIL-PCR / 生物工程学报

Cloning of flanking sequences of double-copy gene is a challenge in molecular biology. We developed a method to solve this problem by combining an optimized inverse PCR (iPCR) with TAIL-PCR. First, Southern blotting analysis was used to determine a proper restriction enzyme that could obtain proper-length restriction fragments that contained the target gene. Then optimized iPCR was performed to amplify the restriction fragments that contained the separated copies of the gene. Based on the obtained sequences, TAIL-PCR was performed to amplify further flanking regions of the gene. With this method, we obtained all of the EcoR I restriction fragments (2.2-5.1 kb) and Hind III restriction fragments (8.5-11.7 kb) of mitochondrial atpA gene in cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line and maintainer line of Upland cotton. The results showed that this method was an efficient approach to clone flanking sequences of double-copy gene.

Relevance between GGF, NGF and growth characteristics of PRL / 中华内分泌外科杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between glial growth factor (GGF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and growth characteristics of prolactinoma (PRL) and to evaluate pre and postoperative growth of PRL. MethodsImmunohistochemistry was used to analyze expression of GGF and NGF in 86 cases of PRL and to analyze the relationship between expression of GGF, NGF and PRL level, invasion, stroke, microvessel density. Cells were cultured with GGF and NGF to observe cell growth, cell cycle and angiogenesis. The relationship between proliferation, growth rate and GGF, NGF was evaluated by rank correlation and Chi-square test. Results GGF expression was significantly higher in invasive, stroke and recurrent pituitary adenomas ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Microvessel density increased significantly ( P ＜ 0.01 ). NGF expression was significantly lower in invasive, apoplexy and recurrent adenomas ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Microvessel density decreased dramatically with NGF interruption ( P ＜ 0.05 ). GGF showed a positive correlation with growth rate of PRL. NGF showed a negative correlation with invasion and stroke. ConclusionsGGF is one of the factors facilitating growth and invasion of PRL while NGF can partly restrain proliferation of PRL cells. Expression of GGF and NGF indirectly reflects proliferation activity of PRL and can be used as markers to evaluate invasion, recurrence, treatment response and prognosis of PRL.

Treatment strategy of bilateral frontal lobe contusion and laceration with central herniation / 中国基层医药

ObjectiveTo study the clinical features of the bilateral frontal brain contusion with cerebral hernia center and its treatment strategies. MethodsThe clinical data of 76 patients with cerebral central hernia were restropectively analyzed. ResultsIn 76 patients,there were 53 cases survive,23 cases died.The life and survival quality of these patients were evaluated according to the Karnofsky scale systerm :46 patients underwent surgery,including 35 cases with good recovery,8 cases with long-term coma or unable to look after themselves,3 cases with death;10 cases underwent a expectant treatment,of which,6 cases with good recovery,4 cases with long-term coma or unable to look after themselves.The other 20 cases died of central brain stem failure,with a central hernia when admissioned. ConclusionPatients with bilateral frontal brain contusion were extremely complicated with central hernia,and had a suddenly deteriored condition.Close observation of changes were critical importance.The surgery should be carried out before "diencephalon period",for most recovery well after surgery.Patients with diffuse brain swelling should go under the depressioning surgery as earlier as possible.